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Raft Algorithm: Simple and Reliable Consensus in Distributed SystemsDistributed systems are the foundation of modern software architecture. But the simultaneous operation of multiple servers presents complex challenges, such as ensuring data consistency and system fault tolerance. At the heart of these challenges lies the problem of 'consensus': the ability of a group of servers to agree on a single value or action despite disruptions such as network outages or server failures.

For millennia, humans gazed skyward with envy at birds soaring effortlessly through the air. From the mythical Icarus to Leonardo da Vinci's sketches of flying machines, the desire to conquer the skies has been a persistent dream throughout human history. But it wasn't until the dawn of the 20th century that this ancient ambition finally became reality.

The CAP theorem stands as one of the most influential principles in distributed systems design, articulating fundamental constraints that engineers must navigate when building resilient, scalable applications. First conjectured by Eric Brewer in 2000 and later proven mathematically by Seth Gilbert and Nancy Lynch in 2002, the theorem establishes that distributed data systems can provide at most two of the following three guarantees simultaneously; Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance.

Humanity has felt the need to measure and track time since the earliest days of civilization. The transition from primitive time measuring tools such as sundials, water clocks, and hourglasses to complex mechanical watches is an impressive indicator of human intelligence and creativity. Mechanical clocks began to emerge in Europe in the 13th century and have continuously evolved since then, both in functionality and aesthetics.

Airplanes soaring through the sky, defying gravity, is a fascinating sight for most of us. So how do airplanes really fly? How is the lift force that keeps an airplane in the air created? Most of us have learned in school or popular science resources that the air flowing over the wing of an airplane flows faster than the air flowing under it, and that airplanes rise due to the pressure difference according to Bernoulli's principle. However, the situation is not that simple in reality.

Air transportation has become an indispensable element of modern societies. With thousands of aircraft landing and taking off every day in the world, airports are designed in a precise order to ensure that these operations can be carried out safely and effectively. One of the most basic elements of this order is the naming of airport runways and the numbers at the beginning and end of the runway.

There is a date that people who love cycling mark on their calendars, July. When this date arrives, a colorful excitement begins, spreading over kilometers of roads from small towns to big cities in France. The Tour de France—or the "Tour de France" as it is known worldwide—is a story that goes beyond sports and symbolizes the resilience of the human spirit and its commitment to life.

Distributed systems are systems where multiple independent processes or nodes cooperate for a common purpose. They are widely used in many areas from microservice architectures to cloud infrastructures in the modern technology world.

Distributed systems are one of the most critical technological building blocks of our day. In databases, blockchain networks, multi-layered enterprise software architectures, cloud computing infrastructures and many other areas, we use systems based on the principle of different physical or virtual nodes working together. However, many problems such as communication failures, hardware failures, malicious attacks or software errors can occur in these systems. These problems directly affect the overall operation and reliability of the distributed system.

In distributed systems, reaching consensus among multiple nodes is a difficult problem. The PAXOS algorithm is a well-accepted protocol in the academic world that was developed to provide reliable consensus in distributed systems. Introduced by Leslie Lamport in the 1990s, this algorithm is especially used in systems where fault tolerance is critical.