hkucuk

Raft Algorithm: Simple and Reliable Consensus in Distributed SystemsDistributed systems are the foundation of modern software architecture. But the simultaneous operation of multiple servers presents complex challenges, such as ensuring data consistency and system fault tolerance. At the heart of these challenges lies the problem of 'consensus': the ability of a group of servers to agree on a single value or action despite disruptions such as network outages or server failures.

The CAP theorem stands as one of the most influential principles in distributed systems design, articulating fundamental constraints that engineers must navigate when building resilient, scalable applications. First conjectured by Eric Brewer in 2000 and later proven mathematically by Seth Gilbert and Nancy Lynch in 2002, the theorem establishes that distributed data systems can provide at most two of the following three guarantees simultaneously; Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance.

Distributed systems are systems where multiple independent processes or nodes cooperate for a common purpose. They are widely used in many areas from microservice architectures to cloud infrastructures in the modern technology world.

Distributed systems are one of the most critical technological building blocks of our day. In databases, blockchain networks, multi-layered enterprise software architectures, cloud computing infrastructures and many other areas, we use systems based on the principle of different physical or virtual nodes working together. However, many problems such as communication failures, hardware failures, malicious attacks or software errors can occur in these systems. These problems directly affect the overall operation and reliability of the distributed system.

In distributed systems, reaching consensus among multiple nodes is a difficult problem. The PAXOS algorithm is a well-accepted protocol in the academic world that was developed to provide reliable consensus in distributed systems. Introduced by Leslie Lamport in the 1990s, this algorithm is especially used in systems where fault tolerance is critical.

Go (Golang) is a modern programming language designed by Google in 2007 and published as open source in 2009, focusing on developing high-performance and scalable software. Thanks to its simple and understandable syntax, it can be easily learned by both experienced and novice developers. At the same time, since it is a lightweight and fast-compiling language, C-like performance can be achieved.

Distributed systems have become increasingly popular today. Microservices architectures, replications between data centers, geographically distributed databases, applications with multiple access points, and similar scenarios make ensuring data consistency quite complex. Conflicts can arise when data is simultaneously located, updated, or read from multiple locations. This is where the concept of CRDT (Conflict-free Replicated Data Types) comes into play.

The Banker's Algorithm is an algorithm used in operating systems that helps reduce the possibility of deadlocks. Deadlock is a situation that occurs as a result of processes or resources that need each other waiting for each other and prevents progress in the system. The Banker's Algorithm is designed to prevent such deadlocks and is especially used in systems that require resource management.

Borůvka's algorithm is an efficient graph algorithm used to find minimum spanning trees. This algorithm, which has an important place in graph theory, creates minimum spanning trees by selecting the least weighted edges in a graph and combining these edges. Its basic principle is to divide each node in the graph into trees and then connect these trees by merging them.

Ford-Fulkerson algorithm is a graph algorithm that has an important place in network theory and aims to determine the maximum flow in a network. It is used to find the largest flow reaching a destination from a source in flow networks. To find this maximum flow, the algorithm discovers ascending paths and increases the flow along these paths.